| 2005 | 
       Y Wang | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Efficient one-step synthesis of biologically related lariat RNAs by a deoxyribozyme. | 
       16086354 | 
       10.1002/anie.200501643 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2003 | 
       Y Wang | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Characterization of deoxyribozymes that synthesize branched RNA. | 
       14690435 | 
       10.1021/bi0355847 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2008 | 
       T P Mui | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Convergent and general one-step DNA-catalyzed synthesis of multiply branched DNA. | 
       18808125 | 
       10.1021/ol801568q | 
       
      
        
          DNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2004 | 
       D J-F Chinnapen | 
       D Sen | 
       A deoxyribozyme that harnesses light to repair thymine dimers in DNA. | 
       14691255 | 
       10.1073/pnas.0305943101 | 
       
      
        
          Thymine dimer repair 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2010 | 
       F Wachowius | 
       C Höbartner | 
       Combinatorial mutation interference analysis reveals functional nucleotides required for DNA catalysis. | 
       20872387 | 
       10.1002/anie.201003940 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1994 | 
       R R Breaker | 
       G F Joyce | 
       A DNA enzyme that cleaves RNA. | 
       9383394 | 
       10.1016/1074-5521(94)90014-0 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1997 | 
       S W Santoro | 
       G F Joyce | 
       A general purpose RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme. | 
       9113977 | 
       10.1073/pnas.94.9.4262 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1997 | 
       C R Geyer | 
       D Sen | 
       Evidence for the metal-cofactor independence of an RNA phosphodiester-cleaving DNA enzyme. | 
       9281526 | 
       10.1016/s1074-5521(97)90244-1 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1996 | 
       Y Li | 
       D Sen | 
       A catalytic DNA for porphyrin metallation | 
       None | 
       10.1038/nsb0996-743 | 
       
      
        
          Porphyrin metalation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2007 | 
       C Höbartner | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Site-selective depurination by a periodate-dependent deoxyribozyme. | 
       17534508 | 
       10.1039/b704507g | 
       
      
        
          DNA depurination 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2008 | 
       P I Pradeepkumar | 
       Scott K Silverman | 
       DNA-catalyzed formation of nucleopeptide linkages. | 
       18214866 | 
       10.1002/anie.200703676 | 
       
      
        
          Covalent Modification of Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2008 | 
       D M Kost | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Controlling the direction of site-selectivity and regioselectivity in RNA ligation by Zn2+-dependent deoxyribozymes that use 2',3'-cyclic phosphate RNA substrates. | 
       19005599 | 
       10.1039/B813566E | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2000 | 
       A Peracchi | 
        | 
       Preferential Activation of the 8–17 Deoxyribozyme by Ca2+ Ions EVIDENCE FOR THE IDENTITY OF 8–17 WITH THE CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF THE MG5 DEOXYRIBOZYME | 
       None | 
       10.1074/jbc.275.16.11693 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1996 | 
       D Faulhammer | 
       M Famulok | 
       The Ca2+ Ion as a Cofactor for a Novel RNA‐Cleaving Deoxyribozyme | 
       None | 
       10.1002/anie.199628371 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       Y Wang | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Directing the outcome of deoxyribozyme selections to favor native 3'-5' RNA ligation. | 
       15723545 | 
       10.1021/bi0478291 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2006 | 
       N Paul | 
       G F Joyce | 
       Conversion of a ribozyme to a deoxyribozyme through in vitro evolution. | 
       16638538 | 
       10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.01.007 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2003 | 
       Y Wang | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Deoxyribozymes that synthesize branched and lariat RNA. | 
       12783536 | 
       10.1021/ja035150z | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2004 | 
       T K Prior | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Structure-function correlations derived from faster variants of a RNA ligase deoxyribozyme. | 
       14960718 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkh263 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2004 | 
       R L Coppins | 
       S K Silverman | 
       A DNA enzyme that mimics the first step of RNA splicing. | 
       14758353 | 
       10.1038/nsmb727 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2011 | 
       F Wachowius | 
       C Höbartner | 
       Probing essential nucleobase functional groups in aptamers and deoxyribozymes by nucleotide analogue interference mapping of DNA. | 
       21863810 | 
       10.1021/ja205894w | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       W E Purtha | 
       S K Silverman | 
       General deoxyribozyme-catalyzed synthesis of native 3'-5' RNA linkages. | 
       16173722 | 
       10.1021/ja0533702 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       K A Hoadley | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Zn2+-dependent deoxyribozymes that form natural and unnatural RNA linkages. | 
       15966746 | 
       10.1021/bi050146g | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2007 | 
       C Höbartner | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Engineering a selective small-molecule substrate binding site into a deoxyribozyme. | 
       17694519 | 
       10.1002/anie.200702217 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       R L Coppins | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Mimicking the first step of RNA splicing: an artificial DNA enzyme can synthesize branched RNA using an oligonucleotide leaving group as a 5'-exon analogue. | 
       16216067 | 
       10.1021/bi0507229 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       R L Coppins | 
       S K Silverman | 
       A deoxyribozyme that forms a three-helix-junction complex with its RNA substrates and has general RNA branch-forming activity. | 
       15740125 | 
       10.1021/ja044881b | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2004 | 
       R L Coppins | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Rational modification of a selection strategy leads to deoxyribozymes that create native 3'-5' RNA linkages. | 
       15600344 | 
       10.1021/ja045817x | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2006 | 
       E Zelin | 
       Scott K Silverman | 
       Adenosine is inherently favored as the branch-site RNA nucleotide in a structural context that resembles natural RNA splicing. | 
       16503631 | 
       10.1021/bi052499l | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       D R Semlow | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Parallel selections in vitro reveal a preference for 2'-5' RNA ligation upon deoxyribozyme-mediated opening of a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate. | 
       16007488 | 
       10.1007/s00239-004-0326-y | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2018 | 
       A Barlev | 
       D Sen | 
       DNA's Encounter with Ultraviolet Light: An Instinct for Self-Preservation? | 
       29419284 | 
       10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00582 | 
       
      
        
          Thymine dimer repair 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       A Barlev | 
       D Sen | 
       DNA Repair by DNA: The UV1C DNAzyme Catalyzes Photoreactivation of Cyclobutane Thymine Dimers in DNA More Effectively than Their de Novo Formation. | 
       27726378 | 
       10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00951 | 
       
      
        
          Thymine dimer repair 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1995 | 
       R R Breaker | 
       G F Joyce | 
       A DNA enzyme with Mg(2+)-dependent RNA phosphoesterase activity. | 
       9383471 | 
       10.1016/1074-5521(95)90028-4 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1997 | 
       D Faulhammer | 
       M Famulok | 
       Characterization and divalent metal-ion dependence of in vitro selected deoxyribozymes which cleave DNA/RNA chimeric oligonucleotides. | 
       9191064 | 
       10.1006/jmbi.1997.1036 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1998 | 
       A Roth | 
       R R Breaker | 
       An amino acid as a cofactor for a catalytic polynucleotide. | 
       9600911 | 
       10.1073/pnas.95.11.6027 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2008 | 
       M Hollenstein | 
       D M Perrin | 
       A Highly Selective DNAzyme Sensor for Mercuric Ions | 
       None | 
       10.1002/anie.200800960 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2000 | 
       J Nowakowski | 
       G F Joyce | 
       Alternative conformations of a nucleic acid four-way junction. | 
       10864501 | 
       10.1006/jmbi.2000.3826 | 
       
      
        
            RNA cleavage 
          
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1995 | 
       B Cuenoud | 
       J W Szostak | 
       A DNA metalloenzyme with DNA ligase activity. | 
       7791880 | 
       10.1038/375611a0 | 
       
      
        
          DNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2012 | 
       T E Velez | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Systematic evaluation of the dependence of deoxyribozyme catalysis on random region length. | 
       23088677 | 
       10.1021/co300111f | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
          Covalent Modification of Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2018 | 
       M V Sednev | 
       C Höbartner | 
       N -Methyladenosine-Sensitive RNA-Cleaving Deoxyribozymes. | 
       30276938 | 
       10.1002/anie.201808745 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2003 | 
       A Flynn-Charlebois | 
       S K Silverman | 
       In vitro evolution of an RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme into an RNA ligase switches the selectivity from 3'-5' to 2'-5'. | 
       12720447 | 
       10.1021/ja0340331 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2019 | 
       J Aranda | 
       M Orozco | 
       An artificial DNAzyme RNA ligase shows a reaction mechanism resembling that of cellular polymerases | 
       None | 
       10.1038/s41929-019-0290-y | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1997 | 
       Y Li | 
       D Sen | 
       Toward an efficient DNAzyme. | 
       9154943 | 
       10.1021/bi962694n | 
       
      
        
          Porphyrin metalation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       J Chandrasekar | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Catalytic DNA with phosphatase activity. | 
       23509279 | 
       10.1073/pnas.1221946110 | 
       
      
        
          Dephosphorylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       E D Pratico | 
       S K Silverman | 
       A deoxyribozyme that synthesizes 2',5'-branched RNA with any branch-site nucleotide. | 
       15967808 | 
       10.1093/nar/gki656 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2000 | 
       J Li | 
       Y Lu | 
       A Highly Sensitive and Selective Catalytic DNA Biosensor for Lead Ions | 
       None | 
       10.1021/ja0021316 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1999 | 
       J Nowakowski | 
       G F Joyce | 
       Crystal structure of an 82-nucleotide RNA–DNA complex formed by the 10-23 DNA enzyme | 
       None | 
       10.1038/5839 | 
       
      
        
            RNA cleavage 
          
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2000 | 
       Y Li | 
       R R Breaker | 
       Capping DNA with DNA. | 
       10715132 | 
       10.1021/bi992710r | 
       
      
        
          DNA capping 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2017 | 
       H Liu | 
       J Gan | 
       Crystal structure of an RNA-cleaving DNAzyme. | 
       29222499 | 
       10.1038/s41467-017-02203-x | 
       
      
        
            RNA cleavage 
          
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2003 | 
       B L Ricca | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Optimization and generality of a small deoxyribozyme that ligates RNA. | 
       12860124 | 
       10.1016/S0022-2836(03)00654-5 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2009 | 
       R E Thorne | 
       D Sen | 
       A deoxyribozyme, Sero1C, uses light and serotonin to repair diverse pyrimidine dimers in DNA. | 
       19281822 | 
       10.1016/j.jmb.2009.02.064 | 
       
      
        
          Thymine dimer repair 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2003 | 
       A Flynn-Charlebois | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Deoxyribozymes with 2'-5' RNA ligase activity. | 
       12603132 | 
       10.1021/ja028774y | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       A Ponce-Salvatierra | 
       V Pena | 
       Crystal structure of a DNA catalyst. | 
       26735012 | 
       10.1038/nature16471 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2011 | 
       Y Xiao | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Merely two mutations switch a DNA-hydrolyzing deoxyribozyme from heterobimetallic (Zn2+/Mn2+) to monometallic (Zn2+-only) behavior. | 
       21125108 | 
       10.1039/c0cc04575f | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2002 | 
       W Wang | 
       Y Li | 
       Sequence diversity, metal specificity, and catalytic proficiency of metal-dependent phosphorylating DNA enzymes. | 
       11983339 | 
       10.1016/S1074-5521(02)00127-8 | 
       
      
        
          DNA phosphorylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2000 | 
       J Li | 
       Y Lu | 
       In vitro selection and characterization of a highly efficient Zn(II)-dependent RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme. | 
       10606646 | 
       10.1093/nar/28.2.481 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2011 | 
       O Y Wong | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-catalyzed covalent modification of amino acid side chains in tethered and free peptide substrates. | 
       21510668 | 
       10.1021/bi200585n | 
       
      
        
          Covalent Modification of Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       R Saran | 
       J Liu | 
       A Silver DNAzyme. | 
       26977895 | 
       10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00327 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       S M Walsh | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA catalysts with tyrosine kinase activity. | 
       24066831 | 
       10.1021/ja407586u | 
       
      
        
          Tyrosine Phosphorylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2011 | 
       C S Lee | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Improved deoxyribozymes for synthesis of covalently branched DNA and RNA. | 
       20739352 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkq753 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
          DNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2009 | 
       G S Sekhon | 
       D Sen | 
       Unusual DNA-DNA cross-links between a photolyase deoxyribozyme, UV1C, and its bound oligonucleotide substrate. | 
       19514779 | 
       10.1021/bi900531z | 
       
      
        
          Thymine dimer repair 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2007 | 
       D J-F Chinnapen | 
       D Sen | 
       Towards elucidation of the mechanism of UV1C, a deoxyribozyme with photolyase activity. | 
       17141270 | 
       10.1016/j.jmb.2006.10.062 | 
       
      
        
          Thymine dimer repair 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1996 | 
       N Carmi | 
       R R Breaker | 
       In vitro selection of self-cleaving DNAs. | 
       9000012 | 
       10.1016/s1074-5521(96)90170-2 | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2000 | 
       T L Sheppard | 
       G F Joyce | 
       A DNA enzyme with N-glycosylase activity. | 
       10884411 | 
       10.1073/pnas.97.14.7802 | 
       
      
        
          DNA depurination 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2011 | 
       O Y Wong | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-catalyzed reductive amination. | 
       21994131 | 
       10.1002/anie.201104976 | 
       
      
        
          Reductive amination 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       P Wang | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-Catalyzed Introduction of Azide at Tyrosine for Peptide Modification. | 
       27391404 | 
       10.1002/anie.201604364 | 
       
      
        
          Tyrosine azido‐adenylylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2014 | 
       C Chu | 
       S K Silverman | 
       A generalizable DNA-catalyzed approach to peptide-nucleic acid conjugation. | 
       25056930 | 
       10.1002/cbic.201402255 | 
       
      
        
          Covalent Modification of Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2010 | 
       A Sachdeva | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-catalyzed serine side chain reactivity and selectivity. | 
       20234910 | 
       10.1039/b927317d | 
       
      
        
          Covalent Modification of Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2012 | 
       A Sachdeva | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Covalent tagging of phosphorylated peptides by phosphate-specific deoxyribozymes. | 
       22315198 | 
       10.1002/cbic.201200048 | 
       
      
        
          Covalent Modification of Phosphorylated Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       A J Camden | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA Oligonucleotide 3'-Phosphorylation by a DNA Enzyme. | 
       27063020 | 
       10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00151 | 
       
      
        
          DNA phosphorylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2014 | 
       V Dokukin | 
       S K Silverman | 
       A modular tyrosine kinase deoxyribozyme with discrete aptamer and catalyst domains. | 
       25000337 | 
       10.1039/c4cc04253k | 
       
      
        
          Tyrosine Phosphorylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2017 | 
       Y Lee | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-Catalyzed DNA Cleavage by a Radical Pathway with Well-Defined Products. | 
       27935689 | 
       10.1021/jacs.6b10274 | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2012 | 
       A Sachdeva | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-catalyzed reactivity of a phosphoramidate functional group and formation of an unusual pyrophosphoramidate linkage. | 
       22042295 | 
       10.1039/c1ob06088k | 
       
      
        
          Covalent Modification of Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2008 | 
       M Chandra | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA and RNA can be equally efficient catalysts for carbon-carbon bond formation. | 
       18271591 | 
       10.1021/ja7111965 | 
       
      
        
          Diels-Alder 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       D J Parker | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA catalysis of a normally disfavored RNA hydrolysis reaction. | 
       23697866 | 
       10.1021/ja4032488 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2014 | 
       B M Brandsen | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-catalyzed lysine side chain modification. | 
       24981820 | 
       10.1002/anie.201404622 | 
       
      
        
          Covalent Modification of Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       J Chandrasekar | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Phosphoserine Lyase Deoxyribozymes: DNA-Catalyzed Formation of Dehydroalanine Residues in Peptides. | 
       26200899 | 
       10.1021/jacs.5b06308 | 
       
      
        
          Covalent Modification of Phosphorylated Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       C Chu | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Assessing histidine tags for recruiting deoxyribozymes to catalyze peptide and protein modification reactions. | 
       27138704 | 
       10.1039/c6ob00716c | 
       
      
        
          Tyrosine Phosphorylation 
        
          Covalent Modification of Amino Acid Side Chains 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       S M Walsh | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Identification of Sequence-Selective Tyrosine Kinase Deoxyribozymes. | 
       26407964 | 
       10.1007/s00239-015-9699-3 | 
       
      
        
          Tyrosine Phosphorylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       C Zhou | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-Catalyzed Amide Hydrolysis. | 
       26854515 | 
       10.1021/jacs.5b12647 | 
       
      
        
          Amide hydrolysis 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       A R Hesser | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-catalyzed glycosylation using aryl glycoside donors. | 
       27355482 | 
       10.1039/c6cc04329a | 
       
      
        
          Glycosylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       A Kasprowicz | 
       J Ciesiołka | 
       Characterization of Highly Efficient RNA‐Cleaving DNAzymes that Function at Acidic pH with No Divalent Metal‐Ion Cofactors | 
       None | 
       10.1002/open.201600141 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2019 | 
       D Peng | 
       J Liu | 
       Efficient DNA-Catalyzed Porphyrin Metalation for Fluorescent Ratiometric Pb Detection. | 
       31414597 | 
       10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02759 | 
       
      
        
          Porphyrin metalation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2020 | 
       H Yang | 
       J Liu | 
       Pb2+ as a Substrate and a Cofactor of a Porphyrin Metalation DNAzyme. | 
       32202058 | 
       10.1002/cbic.202000073 | 
       
      
        
          Porphyrin metalation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       J Yang | 
       M T Bowser | 
       Capillary electrophoresis-SELEX selection of catalytic DNA aptamers for a small-molecule porphyrin target. | 
       23234289 | 
       10.1021/ac302721j | 
       
      
        
          Porphyrin metalation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1998 | 
       N Carmi | 
       R R Breaker | 
       Cleaving DNA with DNA. | 
       9482868 | 
       10.1073/pnas.95.5.2233 | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2020 | 
       A Liaqat | 
       C Höbartner | 
       N 6-isopentenyladenosine in RNA determines the cleavage site of endonuclease deoxyribozymes. | 
       32681686 | 
       10.1002/anie.202006218 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2020 | 
       K Liu | 
       D Sen | 
       CLICK-17, a DNA enzyme that harnesses ultra-low concentrations of either Cu+ or Cu2+ to catalyze the azide-alkyne 'click' reaction in water. | 
       32520335 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkaa502 | 
       
      
        
          Copper-mediated Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       B M Brandsen | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters and aromatic amides. | 
       24127695 | 
       10.1021/ja4077233 | 
       
      
        
          Ester hydrolysis 
        
          Amide hydrolysis 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2009 | 
       M Chandra | 
       S K Silverman | 
       DNA-catalyzed sequence-specific hydrolysis of DNA | 
       None | 
       10.1038/nchembio.201 | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2012 | 
       Y Xiao | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Establishing broad generality of DNA catalysts for site-specific hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA. | 
       22021383 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkr860 | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2010 | 
       Y Xiao | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Functional compromises among pH tolerance, site specificity, and sequence tolerance for a DNA-hydrolyzing deoxyribozyme. | 
       20923239 | 
       10.1021/bi1013672 | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2001 | 
       N Carmi | 
       R R Breaker | 
       Characterization of a DNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme. | 
       11557347 | 
       10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00035-9 | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       A K Behera | 
       A Baum | 
       Enhanced deoxyribozyme‐catalyzed RNA ligation in the presence of organic cosolvents | 
       None | 
       10.1002/bip.22191 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2012 | 
       V Dokukin | 
       S K Silverman | 
       Lanthanide ions as required cofactors for DNA catalysts | 
       None | 
       10.1039/C2SC01067D | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       F Javadi-Zarnaghi | 
        | 
       Lanthanide cofactors accelerate DNA-catalyzed synthesis of branched RNA. | 
       23895365 | 
       10.1021/ja406162z | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2003 | 
       Z Liu | 
       Y Li | 
       Assemblage of signaling DNA enzymes with intriguing metal-ion specificities and pH dependences. | 
       12812493 | 
       10.1021/ja035208+ | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2020 | 
       H Rosenbach | 
       I Span | 
       Molecular Features and Metal Ions That Influence 10-23 DNAzyme Activity. | 
       32646019 | 
       10.3390/molecules25133100 | 
       
      
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       J C Achenbach | 
       Y Li | 
       Secondary-structure characterization of two proficient kinase deoxyribozymes. | 
       15751953 | 
       10.1021/bi0483054 | 
       
      
        
          DNA phosphorylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2009 | 
       K Schlosser | 
       Y Li | 
       DNAzyme-mediated catalysis with only guanosine and cytidine nucleotides. | 
       19050014 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkn930 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2003 | 
       M J Cairns | 
       L‐Q Sun | 
       Optimisation of the 10-23 DNAzyme-substrate pairing interactions enhanced RNA cleavage activity at purine-cytosine target sites. | 
       12771215 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkg378 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       A Peracchi | 
       M Clerici | 
       A mutational analysis of the 8-17 deoxyribozyme core. | 
       16125199 | 
       10.1016/j.jmb.2005.07.059 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2008 | 
       K Schlosser | 
       Y Li | 
       Sequence-function relationships provide new insight into the cleavage site selectivity of the 8–17 RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme | 
       None | 
       10.1093/nar/gkm1175 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2004 | 
       R P.G Cruz | 
       Y Li | 
       Dinucleotide Junction Cleavage Versatility of 8-17 Deoxyribozyme | 
       None | 
       10.1016/j.chembiol.2003.12.012 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2008 | 
       K Schlosser | 
       J Gu,  L Sule | 
       Sequence-function relationships provide new insight into the cleavage site selectivity of the 8-17 RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme | 
       None | 
       10.1093/nar/gkm1175 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2019 | 
       E J Mattioli | 
       M Calvaresi | 
       DNAzymes at Work: A DFT Computational Investigation on the Mechanism of 9DB1 | 
       None | 
       10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00815 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2017 | 
       R Saran | 
       J Liu | 
       A Silver-Specific DNAzyme with a New Silver Aptamer and Salt-Promoted Activity. | 
       28345892 | 
       10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01131 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       H Gu | 
       R R Breaker | 
       Small, highly active DNAs that hydrolyze DNA. | 
       23679108 | 
       10.1021/ja403585e | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2009 | 
       A K Brown | 
       Y Lu | 
       Biochemical characterization of a uranyl ion-specific DNAzyme. | 
       19142882 | 
       10.1002/cbic.200800632 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2005 | 
       K E Nelson | 
       Y Lu | 
       In vitro selection of high temperature Zn(2+)-dependent DNAzymes. | 
       16096680 | 
       10.1007/s00239-004-0374-3 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2014 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       Ultrasensitive DNAzyme beacon for lanthanides and metal speciation. | 
       24383540 | 
       10.1021/ac403762s | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2017 | 
       W Zhou | 
       J Liu | 
       Two Completely Different Mechanisms for Highly Specific Na+ Recognition by DNAzymes | 
       None | 
       10.1002/cbic.201700184 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2014 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       In vitro selection of a new lanthanide-dependent DNAzyme for ratiometric sensing lanthanides. | 
       25199650 | 
       10.1021/ac5029962 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       W Zhou | 
       J Liu | 
       A DNAzyme requiring two different metal ions at two distinct sites. | 
       26657636 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkv1346 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2011 | 
       M M Ali | 
       Y Li | 
       Fluorogenic DNAzyme probes as bacterial indicators. | 
       21412961 | 
       10.1002/anie.201100477 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2002 | 
       L Lermer | 
       D M Perrin | 
       Toward an RNaseA mimic: A DNAzyme with imidazoles and cationic amines. | 
       12188639 | 
       10.1021/ja0205075 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2014 | 
       M Wang | 
       Z Tang | 
       In vitro selection of DNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme with site-specific thymidine excision activity. | 
       25030901 | 
       10.1093/nar/gku592 | 
       
      
        
          DNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2010 | 
       J C F Lam | 
       Y Li | 
       A complex RNA-cleaving DNAzyme that can efficiently cleave a pyrimidine-pyrimidine junction. | 
       20630470 | 
       10.1016/j.jmb.2010.05.047 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2009 | 
       M Hollenstein | 
       D M Perrin | 
       A DNAzyme with three protein-like functional groups: enhancing catalytic efficiency of M2+-independent RNA cleavage. | 
       19591189 | 
       10.1002/cbic.200900314 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       S-F Torabi | 
       Y Lu | 
       In vitro selection of a sodium-specific DNAzyme and its application in intracellular sensing | 
       None | 
       10.1073/pnas.1420361112 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2019 | 
       L Ma | 
       J Liu | 
       From general base to general acid catalysis in a sodium-specific DNAzyme by a guanine-to-adenine mutation | 
       None | 
       10.1093/nar/gkz578 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2019 | 
       L Ma | 
       J Liu | 
       An in Vitro-Selected DNAzyme Mutant Highly Specific for Na under Slightly Acidic Conditions. | 
       29989277 | 
       10.1002/cbic.201800322 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       S-F Torabi | 
       Y Lu | 
       Identification of the Same Na(+)-Specific DNAzyme Motif from Two In Vitro Selections Under Different Conditions. | 
       26577294 | 
       10.1007/s00239-015-9715-7 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2003 | 
       S H J Mei | 
       Y Li | 
       An efficient RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme that synchronizes catalysis with fluorescence signaling. | 
       12517153 | 
       10.1021/ja0281232 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2007 | 
       J Liu | 
       Y Lu | 
       A catalytic beacon sensor for uranium with parts-per-trillion sensitivity and millionfold selectivity. | 
       17284609 | 
       10.1073/pnas.0607875104 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2011 | 
       C J Hipolito | 
       D M Perrin | 
       Protein-inspired modified DNAzymes: dramatic effects of shortening side-chain length of 8-imidazolyl modified deoxyadenosines in selecting RNaseA mimicking DNAzymes. | 
       21311779 | 
       10.1039/c0ob00595a | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       W Zhou | 
       J Liu | 
       An Efficient Lanthanide-Dependent DNAzyme Cleaving 2'-5'-Linked RNA. | 
       26957420 | 
       10.1002/cbic.201500690 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       Z Shen | 
       Y Li | 
       A Catalytic DNA Activated by a Specific Strain of Bacterial Pathogen. | 
       26676768 | 
       10.1002/anie.201510125 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       R Saran | 
       J Liu | 
       Searching for a DNAzyme Version of the Leadzyme. | 
       26458991 | 
       10.1007/s00239-015-9702-z | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       P Wu | 
       Y Lu | 
       A DNAzyme-gold nanoparticle probe for uranyl ion in living cells. | 
       23531046 | 
       10.1021/ja400150v | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2019 | 
       Y Wang | 
       H Yu | 
       A Novel Small RNA-Cleaving Deoxyribozyme with a Short Binding Arm | 
       None | 
       10.1038/s41598-019-44750-x | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2013 | 
       M Hollenstein | 
       D M Perrin | 
       Toward the combinatorial selection of chemically modified DNAzyme RNase A mimics active against all-RNA substrates. | 
       23485334 | 
       10.1021/co3001378 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2001 | 
       D M Perrin | 
       C Hélène | 
       Bridging the gap between proteins and nucleic acids: a metal-independent RNAseA mimic with two protein-like functionalities. | 
       11456753 | 
       10.1021/ja003290s | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2009 | 
       M Hollenstein | 
       D M Perrin | 
       A self-cleaving DNA enzyme modified with amines, guanidines and imidazoles operates independently of divalent metal cations (M2+). | 
       19153138 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkn1070 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2020 | 
       C P M Scheitl | 
       C Höbartner | 
       New Deoxyribozymes for the Native Ligation of RNA. | 
       32796587 | 
       10.3390/molecules25163650 | 
       
      
        
          RNA ligation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 1999 | 
       Y Li | 
       R R Breaker | 
       Phosphorylating DNA with DNA. | 
       10077582 | 
       10.1073/pnas.96.6.2746 | 
       
      
        
          DNA phosphorylation 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2018 | 
       L Gu | 
       J Liu | 
       Reselection Yielding a Smaller and More Active Silver-Specific DNAzyme. | 
       31458180 | 
       10.1021/acsomega.8b02039 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       Distinction of Individual Lanthanide Ions with a DNAzyme Beacon Array | 
       None | 
       10.1021/acssensors.6b00239 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       W Zhou | 
       J Liu | 
       In Vitro Selection of Chromium-Dependent DNAzymes for Sensing Chromium(III) and Chromium(VI). | 
       27249536 | 
       10.1002/chem.201601426 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2019 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       Instantaneous Iodine-Assisted DNAzyme Cleavage of Phosphorothioate RNA. | 
       30272443 | 
       10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00900 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       M Vazin | 
       J Liu | 
       Biochemical Characterization of a Lanthanide-Dependent DNAzyme with Normal and Phosphorothioate-Modified Substrates. | 
       26356231 | 
       10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00691 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       A new heavy lanthanide-dependent DNAzyme displaying strong metal cooperativity and unrescuable phosphorothioate effect. | 
       25488814 | 
       10.1093/nar/gku1296 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       Desulfurization Activated Phosphorothioate DNAzyme for the Detection of Thallium. | 
       26393365 | 
       10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02568 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       In Vitro Selection of a DNAzyme Cooperatively Binding Two Lanthanide Ions for RNA Cleavage. | 
       27054549 | 
       10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00132 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       W Zhou | 
       J Liu | 
       A New Na+‐Dependent RNA‐Cleaving DNAzyme with over 1000‐fold Rate Acceleration by Ethanol | 
       None | 
       10.1002/cbic.201500603 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2017 | 
       W Zhou | 
       J Liu | 
       An Exceptionally Selective DNA Cooperatively Binding Two Ca Ions. | 
       28087991 | 
       10.1002/cbic.201600708 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2018 | 
       T Yu | 
       J Liu | 
       An RNA-Cleaving Catalytic DNA Accelerated by Freezing. | 
       29537685 | 
       10.1002/cbic.201800049 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2016 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       An Ultrasensitive Light-up Cu(2+) Biosensor Using a New DNAzyme Cleaving a Phosphorothioate-Modified Substrate. | 
       26857405 | 
       10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04904 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       Rational evolution of Cd2+-specific DNAzymes with phosphorothioate modified cleavage junction and Cd2+ sensing. | 
       25990730 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkv519 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2020 | 
       W Ren | 
       J Liu | 
       Selection of a metal ligand modified DNAzyme for detecting Ni. | 
       32510338 | 
       10.1016/j.bios.2020.112285 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       Rachel Gysbers | 
       Y Li | 
       Evolution of an Enzyme from a Noncatalytic Nucleic Acid Sequence. | 
       26091540 | 
       10.1038/srep11405 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2000 | 
       S W Santoro | 
       C F Barbas | 
       RNA Cleavage by a DNA Enzyme with Extended Chemical Functionality | 
       None | 
       10.1021/ja993688s | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2018 | 
       Y Wang | 
       D M Perrin | 
       A densely modified M2+-independent DNAzyme that cleaves RNA efficiently with multiple catalytic turnover | 
       None | 
       10.1039/C7SC04491G | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2020 | 
       P-J J Huang | 
       J Liu | 
       Target Self-Enhanced Selectivity in Metal-Specific DNAzymes. | 
       31867832 | 
       10.1002/anie.201915675 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2007 | 
       W Chiuman | 
       Y Li | 
       Simple fluorescent sensors engineered with catalytic DNA 'MgZ' based on a non-classic allosteric design. | 
       18030352 | 
       10.1371/journal.pone.0001224 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2004 | 
       M A Carrigan | 
       S A Benner | 
       Quantitative analysis of a RNA-cleaving DNA catalyst obtained via in vitro selection. | 
       15350131 | 
       10.1021/bi049898l | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2006 | 
       W Chiuman | 
       Y Li | 
       Revitalization of six abandoned catalytic DNA species reveals a common three-way junction framework and diverse catalytic cores. | 
       16480741 | 
       10.1016/j.jmb.2006.01.036 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2006 | 
       W Chiuman | 
       Y Li | 
       Evolution of high-branching deoxyribozymes from a catalytic DNA with a three-way junction. | 
       17052610 | 
       10.1016/j.chembiol.2006.08.009 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2015 | 
       K Tram | 
       Y Li | 
       An Efficient Catalytic DNA that Cleaves L-RNA. | 
       25946137 | 
       10.1371/journal.pone.0126402 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2002 | 
       P Ordoukhanian | 
       G F Joyce | 
       RNA-cleaving DNA enzymes with altered regio- or enantioselectivity. | 
       12381192 | 
       10.1021/ja027467p | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2004 | 
       K Schlosser | 
       Y Li | 
       Tracing sequence diversity change of RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes under increasing selection pressure during in vitro selection. | 
       15274624 | 
       10.1021/bi049757j | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2006 | 
       K Schlosser | 
       Y Li | 
       Characterization of long RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes with short catalytic cores: the effect of excess sequence elements on the outcome of in vitro selection. | 
       16682452 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkl276 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2002 | 
       P J Bruesehoff | 
       Y Lu | 
       Improving metal ion specificity during in vitro selection of catalytic DNA. | 
       12052183 | 
       10.2174/1386207023330264 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2012 | 
       K E Nelson | 
       Y Lu | 
       The importance of peripheral sequences in determining the metal selectivity of an in vitro-selected Co(2+) -dependent DNAzyme. | 
       22250000 | 
       10.1002/cbic.201100724 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2008 | 
       K Schlosser | 
       Y Li | 
       In vitro selection of small RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes that cleave pyrimidine-pyrimidine junctions. | 
       18644842 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkn396 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2001 | 
       A R Feldman | 
       D Sen | 
       A new and efficient DNA enzyme for the sequence-specific cleavage of RNA. | 
       11800557 | 
       10.1006/jmbi.2001.5058 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2004 | 
       A V Sidorov | 
       D M Williams | 
       Sequence-specific cleavage of RNA in the absence of divalent metal ions by a DNAzyme incorporating imidazolyl and amino functionalities. | 
       15004246 | 
       10.1093/nar/gkh326 | 
       
      
        
          RNA cleavage 
        
       | 
     
   
     
       | 2019 | 
       L Yang | 
       R Pei | 
       Exploration of Catalytic Nucleic Acids on Porphyrin Metalation and Peroxidase Activity by in Vitro Selection of Aptamers for N-Methyl Mesoporphyrin IX. | 
       30602113 | 
       10.1021/acscombsci.8b00129 | 
       
      
        
          Porphyrin metalation 
        
       |