Abstract:

RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) are synthetic single-stranded DNA-based catalytic molecules that can be engineered to bind to and cleave target mRNA at predetermined sites. These have been used as therapeutic agents in a range of preclinical cancer models and have entered clinical trials in Europe, China, and Australia. This review surveys regulatory insights into mechanisms of disease brought about by use of catalytic DNA in vitro and in vivo, including recent uses as nano sensors, nano flowers,and nano sponges, and the emerging role of adaptive immunity underlying DNAzyme inhibition of cancer growth. DNAzymes represent a promising new class of nucleic acid–based therapeutics in cancer. This article dis-cusses mechanistic and therapeutic insights brought about by DNAzyme use as nano tools and reagents in a range of basic science, experimental therapeutic and clinical applications. Current limitations and future perspectives are also discussed.